A problem may concern a person, a group, a
component within a system, or the entire system. If the problem concerns an
individual, facilitate the person’s understanding of causes of the problem,
then assist the person in taking effective action to alleviate the problem.
Desired outcomes are improvements in emotional, social, or occupational
functioning. If you identify a systemic problem in a policy, law, organization,
or industrial, scientific, or technical process, you may have an ethical
responsibility to correct it. Here is a generic problem-solving process:
Identify symptoms of the problem. In a person,
identify evidence of diminished or compromised well-being, mental or physical
health, or social or occupational functioning. In a system, identify evidence
of inadequacy of a component, or insufficient availability of resources needed
to function.
Explore the nature of the problem– its
specific aspects and elements. Address human health and well-being issues
first.
Define the problem. Summarize all issues in
the problem. Identify the deepest root causes of the problem.
List possible solutions of the problem.
Explore, evolve, understand, and clearly express alternatives to the current
situation which would result in positive change.
Possible solutions should directly address root causes of the problem.
Define a goal, and objectives to attain the
goal (solve the problem). Define a specific goal to achieve positive change.
List the possible alternatives which would attain the goal. Prioritize the
alternatives, and convert them to realistic, time-limited objectives. Arrange
objectives in best sequence for attaining the goal.
Write a plan of action to solve the problem.
Create a plan in writing, containing prioritized objectives, to solve the
problem.
Execute and manage the plan of action. Whether
working with a single individual or coordinating team members, provide each
with needed resources, firm guidance, and encouragement. Participate in the
problem-solving process to an extent that does not compromise your management
effectiveness. Monitor and evaluate progress toward your goal, seeking
continual feedback and adjusting actions as needed.
Evaluate the effectiveness of problem-solving
actions. When your goal is reached, the problem is solved. Determine if
objectives were attained according to plan, and how the problem-solving process
could have been done better.
Express appreciation to all who contributed to
a solution of the problem. Personally distribute praise equally to all who
assisted you. Your praise should briefly describe how their support was
helpful.